Cyprus Turkish Journal of Psychiatry & Psychology Vol.5 Issue.2

Doi:10.35365/ctjpp.23.2.06

RESEARCH ARTICLE / ARAŞTIRMA YAZISI

Anxiety Levels in COVID-19 Patients Undergoing Upper Arm and Breathing Exercises

Üst Kol ve Nefes Egzersizleri Uygulanan COVID-19 Hastalarında Anksiyete Düzeyleri

Nurul Citta Banu Putri1, Amira Permatasari Tarigan1, Pandiaman Pandia1, Andika Pradana1,  Putri Chairani Eyanoer2, Sudirman Parningotan Sinaga3, Elmeida Effendy4

Abstract:

The number of COVID-19 cases in Indonesia has reached more than 1.5 million, of which 121,011 people are still in treatment. Stress and anxiety are the dominant psychological aspects of COVID-19 pandemic and have been shown to affect overall quality of life. Therefore, this research aims to assess the level of anxiety in severe COVID-19 patients before and after undergoing upper arm exercises and breathing exercises. This study is a clinical trial using a two-group pretest-posttest quasi-experimental study design on 36 patients who diagnosed with confirmed COVID-19 severe severity who were treated in isolation room for 6 months period who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Then, baseline examinations were conducted such as: vital signs, laboratories, and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) in the emergency room for COVID-19 patients before undergoing physiotherapy. A comparison of the results of HADS measurements was made between before and after the intervention (upper arm exercises and breathing exercises). If the data were normally distributed, paired t-test was used (p<0.05). If the data is not normally distributed, Wilcoxon’s test were used. The study sample was dominated by men with a total of 23 people (63.9%) compared to 13 women (36.1%). Conditions before exercise, found 18 people (50%) moderate cases, 17 people (47.2%) severe cases and 1 person (2.8%) mild cases. In the post-exercise condition, there were 15 people (41.7%) with moderate cases, 12 people (33.3%) severe cases and 9 people (25%) mild cases. Out Of 53 severe COVID-19 patients who performed upper arm exercises and breathing exercises, the average HADS measurement results before exercise was 14.27 + 2.02 and after exercise 12.19 + 3.20. It was found that mean difference before and after exercise was 2.0833 + 2.11. After t paired test was done, a significance p value was found = 0.000 (p<0.05). Anxiety level in severe COVID-19 patients significantly difference before and after undergoing upper arm exercises and breathing exercises.

 Keywords: COVID-19, Upper arm exercises, breathing exercise, anxiety

1Research Assist., Sumatera Utara University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pulmonology and Respiratory Medicine, Utara-Indonesia, [email protected], Orcid; 0000-0001-9419-2477

1Assoc. Prof.Dr., Sumatera Utara University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pulmonology and Respiratory Medicine, Utara-Indonesia, [email protected], Orcid; 0000-0003-1744-1833

1Assist. Prof. Dr., Sumatera Utara University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pulmonology and Respiratory Medicine, Utara-Indonesia, [email protected], Orcid; 0000-0003-3689-597X

1Assist. Prof. Dr., Sumatera Utara University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pulmonology and Respiratory Medicine, Utara-Indonesia, [email protected], Orcid; 0000-0002-7761-2086

2Assoc. Prof. Dr., Sumatera Utara University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Preventive and Community Medicine, Medan -Indonesia, [email protected], Orcid; 0000-0002-4741-1486

3Asisst. Prof. Dr., Sumatera Utara University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Medan -Indonesia, [email protected], Orcid; 0000-0001-6204-7670

4 Prof. Dr., Sumatera Utara University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Medan -Indonesia, [email protected], Orcid; 0000-0002-9382-3609

Address of Correspondence/Yazışma Adresi: Amira Permatasari Tarigan, Sumatera Utara University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pulmonology and Respiratory Medicine, Utara-Indonesia, E-mail: [email protected]

Date of Received/Geliş Tarihi: 03.12.2022, Date of Revision/Düzeltme Tarihi: 20.03.2023, Date of Acceptance/Kabul Tarihi: 13.06.2023, Date of Online Publication/Çevirimiçi Yayın Tarihi: 17.06.2023

Citing/Referans Gösterimi: Putri, N. C., Tarigan, A.P., Pandia, P., Pradana, A., Eyanoer, P.C., Sinaga, S.P. & Effendy, E. (2023). Anxiety Levels in COVID-19 Patients Undergoing Upper Arm and Breathing Exercises, Cyprus Turkish Journal of Psychiatry & Psychology, 5(2): 140-145

© 2023 The Author(s). Published by Cyprus Mental Health Institute / Cyprus Turkish Journal of Psychiatry and Psychology (www.ktppdergisi.com). This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 license which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited and is not used for commercial purposes. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/