<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<doi_batch version="5.3.1"
           xmlns="http://www.crossref.org/schema/5.3.1"
           xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
           xmlns:jats="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/JATS1"
           xmlns:fr="http://www.crossref.org/fundref.xsd"
           xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.crossref.org/schema/5.3.1 https://data.crossref.org/schemas/crossref5.3.1.xsd">
    <head>
        <doi_batch_id>article_1715407_1786702879</doi_batch_id>
        <timestamp>1786702879</timestamp>
        <depositor>
            <depositor_name></depositor_name>
            <email_address></email_address>
        </depositor>
        <registrant>Kıbrıs Ruh Sağlığı Enstitüsü</registrant>
    </head>
    <body>
            <journal>
            <journal_metadata language="tr">
                <full_title>Cyprus Turkish Journal of Psychiatry and Psychology</full_title>
                                    <abbrev_title>KTPP Dergisi</abbrev_title>
                                                    <issn media_type="print">1302-7840</issn>
                            </journal_metadata>
                            <journal_issue>
                    <publication_date media_type="online">
                        <month>06</month>
                        <day>24</day>
                        <year>2026</year>
                    </publication_date>
                                            <journal_volume>
                            <volume>8</volume>
                        </journal_volume>
                                                                <issue>2</issue>
                                    </journal_issue>
                        <journal_article publication_type="full_text">
                                    <titles>
                        <title>The Relationship between Blood Donation Attitudes and Spiritual Well-Being among Adults: A Case Study of Türkiye</title>
                    </titles>
                
                                    <contributors>
                                                    <person_name contributor_role="author"
                                         sequence="first">
                                <given_name>Emek</given_name>
                                <surname>Bakanoğlu Kalkavan</surname>
                                                                    <affiliations>
                                        <institution>
                                            <institution_name>DOĞUŞ ÜNİVERSİTESİ</institution_name>
                                        </institution>
                                    </affiliations>
                                                                                                    <ORCID>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1321-4337</ORCID>
                                                            </person_name>
                                                    <person_name contributor_role="author"
                                         sequence="additional">
                                <given_name>Niran</given_name>
                                <surname>Çoban</surname>
                                                                    <affiliations>
                                        <institution>
                                            <institution_name>YALOVA ÜNİVERSİTESİ</institution_name>
                                        </institution>
                                    </affiliations>
                                                                                                    <ORCID>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1926-5362</ORCID>
                                                            </person_name>
                                                    <person_name contributor_role="author"
                                         sequence="additional">
                                <given_name>Seda</given_name>
                                <surname>Dülcek</surname>
                                                                    <affiliations>
                                        <institution>
                                            <institution_name>DOĞUŞ ÜNİVERSİTESİ</institution_name>
                                        </institution>
                                    </affiliations>
                                                                                                    <ORCID>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8890-4236</ORCID>
                                                            </person_name>
                                                    <person_name contributor_role="author"
                                         sequence="additional">
                                <given_name>Kerime Derya</given_name>
                                <surname>Beydağ</surname>
                                                                    <affiliations>
                                        <institution>
                                            <institution_name>YALOVA ÜNİVERSİTESİ</institution_name>
                                        </institution>
                                    </affiliations>
                                                                                                    <ORCID>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7251-4882</ORCID>
                                                            </person_name>
                                            </contributors>
                
                                    <jats:abstract>
                        <jats:p xml:lang="en">Raising the global awareness of blood donation is of utmost importance. Consequently, it is crucial to pinpoint the elements that adversely affect people&#039;s perceptions of blood donation and to devise suitable remedies. This study was conducted to determine the relationship between the attitudes of adults living in Turkey toward blood donation and their levels of spiritual well-being. This descriptive correlational study was conducted in June-September 2022 with 475 participants aged 18 years and older living in Türkiye. The research data were obtained using the Individual Characteristics Questionnaire developed by the researchers, the Blood Donation Attitude Scale, and the Spiritual Well-Being Scale. The mean age of the participants was 32.64 ±9.69 years, and 70.1% were women. It was found that 57.7% of the participants had never donated blood, 65.9% did not receive training on blood donation, 49.1% received training from healthcare personnel, and 55.8% stated that the training they received was insufficient. A significant but weak positive correlation was found between the Blood Donation Attitude Scale total score and the Spiritual Well-Being Scale; Transcendence, Harmony with Nature, and Anomie subscales (p&amp;lt;0.01; p&amp;lt;0.01; p&amp;lt;0.05; r=0.96, respectively). There was a positive correlation between the Blood Donation Attitude Scale Societal and Social Responsibility subscale score and the Spiritual Well-Being Scale Transcendence and Harmony with Nature subscales, and a weak negative correlation between the Anomie subscale scores (p&amp;lt;0.01, r=0.122; p&amp;lt;0.01, r=0.296; p&amp;lt;0.05, r=-0.112, respectively). It was found that as the spiritual well-being of adult individuals improved, their blood donation attitudes also increased. In conclusion, our findings highlight the critical role of nurses in promoting blood donation through effective educational and awareness initiatives.</jats:p>
                    </jats:abstract>
                
                <publication_date media_type="online">
                    <month>06</month>
                    <day>24</day>
                    <year>2026</year>
                </publication_date>

                                    <acceptance_date media_type="online">
                        <month>10</month>
                        <day>30</day>
                        <year>2025</year>
                    </acceptance_date>
                
                                    <pages>
                                                    <first_page>176</first_page>
                                                                            <last_page>185</last_page>
                                            </pages>
                
                
                                    <doi_data>
                        <doi>10.35365/ctjpp.26.2.08</doi>
                        <resource>https://dergipark.org.tr/en/doi/10.35365/ctjpp.26.2.08</resource>
                    </doi_data>
                
                                    <citation_list>
                                                    <citation key="ref1">
                                                                    <unstructured_citation>Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50(2), 179–211.  https://doi.org/10.1016/0749-5978(91)90020-T</unstructured_citation>
                                                            </citation>
                                                    <citation key="ref2">
                                                                    <unstructured_citation>Ali, S., El Hadad, S., &amp; Ahmed, D. (2022). Assessment of Safety Nursing Practices Provided to Patients undergoing Blood Transfusion procedure. Alexandria Scientific Nursing Journal, 24(1), 89–99. https://doi.org/10.21608/asalexu.2022.246014</unstructured_citation>
                                                            </citation>
                                                    <citation key="ref3">
                                                                    <unstructured_citation>Almeida, R. G., Martinez, E. Z., Mazzo, A., Trevizan, M. A., &amp; Mendes, I. A. (2013). Spirituality and post-graduate students’ attitudes towards blood donation. Nursing Ethics, 20(4), 392–400. 
https://doi.org/10.1177/0969733012465999</unstructured_citation>
                                                            </citation>
                                                    <citation key="ref4">
                                                                    <unstructured_citation>Alshehri, F. D., Alshehri, F. W., Alshehri, M. A., Alshehri, K. D., &amp; Alshehri, A. M. (2024). The Role of Nurses in Ensuring Safe and Efficient Blood Donation Practices. Journal of International Crisis &amp; Risk Communication Research, 7, 1342–1351.  https://doi.org/10.63278/jicrcr.vi.725</unstructured_citation>
                                                            </citation>
                                                    <citation key="ref5">
                                                                    <unstructured_citation>Aras, E., &amp; Peker, A. (2024). Adolescents’ Attitudes and Intention to Seek Psychological Help According to the Theory of Planned Behavior. Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar, 16(4), 617–627. https://doi.org/10.18863/pgy.1371163</unstructured_citation>
                                                            </citation>
                                                    <citation key="ref6">
                                                                    <unstructured_citation>Bambling, M. (2025). The Problem of Scale Contamination and Construct Validity in Mental Health, Social Science, and Spirituality-Related Research. Health and Social Care Chaplaincy, 210–216. https://doi.org/10.1558/hscc.31277</unstructured_citation>
                                                            </citation>
                                                    <citation key="ref7">
                                                                    <unstructured_citation>Bandura, A. (2001). Social Cognitive Theory of Mass Communication. Media Psychology, 3(3), 265–299. 
https://doi.org/10.1207/S1532785XMEP0303_03</unstructured_citation>
                                                            </citation>
                                                    <citation key="ref8">
                                                                    <unstructured_citation>Casal-Otero, L., Marques, E., Martínez-Santos, A.-E., Rodríguez-González, R., &amp; Fernández-de-la-Iglesia, J. del C. (2020). Conhecimento de estudantes portugueses de enfermagem sobre doação de sangue. Acta Paulista de Enfermagem, 33. https://doi.org/10.37689/acta-ape/2020AO0166</unstructured_citation>
                                                            </citation>
                                                    <citation key="ref9">
                                                                    <unstructured_citation>Çelik, C., &amp; Güven, G. (2015). Kan bağışı tutum ölçeğinin geliştirilmesi: geçerlilik ve güvenilirlik çalışması. Erzincan University Journal of Education Faculty, 17(2), 504–521. http://dx.doi.org/10.17556/jef.94590</unstructured_citation>
                                                            </citation>
                                                    <citation key="ref10">
                                                                    <unstructured_citation>Easmin, F., &amp; Islam, Md. A. (2024). Assessment of Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Donors Towards Blood Donation and Outcome of an Intervention to Change the Behavior of Donors- A Systematic Review. Saudi Journal of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 10(04), 231–237. 
https://doi.org/10.36348/sjmps.2024.v10i04.005</unstructured_citation>
                                                            </citation>
                                                    <citation key="ref11">
                                                                    <unstructured_citation>Ekşi, H., &amp; Kardaş, S. (2017). Spiritual Well-Being: Scale Development and Validation. Spiritual Psychology and Counseling, 2(1), 73–88.   https://doi.org/10.12738/spc.2017.1.0022</unstructured_citation>
                                                            </citation>
                                                    <citation key="ref12">
                                                                    <unstructured_citation>Ekşi, P., Bayrak, B., Yakar, H. K., &amp; Oğuz, S. (2022). Evaluation of nurses’ attitudes and behaviors against blood donation. Transfusion and Apheresis Science, 61(2), 103317.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.transci.2021.103317</unstructured_citation>
                                                            </citation>
                                                    <citation key="ref13">
                                                                    <unstructured_citation>Eltewacy, N. K., Ali, H. T., Owais, T. A., Alkanj, S., Elbahnasawy, M., Ahmed, A. H. B., Ahmed, M. H., Liaquat, A., Hasanin, E., Moghari, M. B., jabo, M. D. A., Alhumaidi, N. T., Janem, A. M., sulaiman, H. subhi, Rais, M. A., Riyaz, R., Salem, M., Al-Mekhlafi, M. A., Mumtaz, H., … Ebada, M. A. (2024). Unveiling blood donation knowledge, attitude, and practices among 12,606 university students: a cross-sectional study across 16 countries. Scientific Reports, 14(1), 8219. 
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-58284-4</unstructured_citation>
                                                            </citation>
                                                    <citation key="ref14">
                                                                    <unstructured_citation>Fisher, R. J. (1993). Social Desirability Bias and the Validity of Indirect Questioning. Journal of Consumer Research, 20(2), 303. https://doi.org/10.1086/209351</unstructured_citation>
                                                            </citation>
                                                    <citation key="ref15">
                                                                    <unstructured_citation>France, C. R., France, J. L., Himawan, L. K., Stephens, K. Y., Frame‐Brown, T. A., Venable, G. A., &amp; Menitove, J. E. (2013). How afraid are you of having blood drawn from your arm? A simple fear question predicts vasovagal reactions without causing them among high school donors. Transfusion, 53(2), 315–321. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1537-2995.2012.03726.x</unstructured_citation>
                                                            </citation>
                                                    <citation key="ref16">
                                                                    <unstructured_citation>Getie, A., Amlak, B. T., Ayenew, T., Gedfew, M., Yilak, G., Wondmieneh, A., &amp; Bimerew, M. (2024). Ethiopian residents’ knowledge and attitude towards blood donation and its associated factors: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Public Health, 24(1), 3256. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-024-20679-3</unstructured_citation>
                                                            </citation>
                                                    <citation key="ref17">
                                                                    <unstructured_citation>Getie, A., Wondmieneh, A., &amp; Bimerew, M. (2024). Attitude towards blood donation and its associated factors, types of blood donation, willingness, and feeling towards blood donation among potential blood donors in Ethiopia: systematic review and meta-analysis, observational study. Hematology, 29(1). 
https://doi.org/10.1080/16078454.2024.2355600</unstructured_citation>
                                                            </citation>
                                                    <citation key="ref18">
                                                                    <unstructured_citation>Gilchrist, P. T., Masser, B. M., Horsley, K., &amp; Ditto, B. (2019). Predicting blood donation intention: the importance of fear. Transfusion, 59(12), 3666–3673.  https://doi.org/10.1111/trf.15554</unstructured_citation>
                                                            </citation>
                                                    <citation key="ref19">
                                                                    <unstructured_citation>Hagger, M. S., Cheung, M. W.-L., Ajzen, I., &amp; Hamilton, K. (2022). Perceived behavioral control moderating effects in the theory of planned behavior: A meta-analysis. Health Psychology, 41(2), 155–167. https://doi.org/10.1037/hea0001153</unstructured_citation>
                                                            </citation>
                                                    <citation key="ref20">
                                                                    <unstructured_citation>Harrell, S., Simons, A. M., &amp; Clasen, P. (2022). Promoting blood donation through social media: Evidence from Brazil, India, and the USA. Social Science &amp; Medicine, 315, 115485. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2022.115485</unstructured_citation>
                                                            </citation>
                                                    <citation key="ref21">
                                                                    <unstructured_citation>Hassan, S. N., Thirumulu Ponnuraj, K., Mohamad, S., Hassan, R., &amp; Wan Ab Rahman, W. S. (2019). Molecular Detection of Glycophorins A and B Variant Phenotypes and their Clinical Relevance. Transfusion Medicine Reviews, 33(2), 118–124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmrv.2019.02.003</unstructured_citation>
                                                            </citation>
                                                    <citation key="ref22">
                                                                    <unstructured_citation>Imran, M. H., &amp; Leng, X. (2025). A Critical Review on Pargament’s Theory of Religious Coping: In the Context of the COVID-19 Pandemic. Journal of Religion and Health, 64(1), 657–671. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-024-02136-y</unstructured_citation>
                                                            </citation>
                                                    <citation key="ref23">
                                                                    <unstructured_citation>Jaysawal, N., &amp; Saha, S. (2023). COVID-19 and spiritual well-being: implications for social work. Journal of Religion &amp; Spirituality in Social Work: Social Thought, 42(2), 135–151. https://doi.org/10.1080/15426432.2022.2127391</unstructured_citation>
                                                            </citation>
                                                    <citation key="ref24">
                                                                    <unstructured_citation>Klimasiński, M. W. (2021). Spiritual care in the intensive care unit. Anaesthesiology Intensive Therapy, 53(4), 350–357. https://doi.org/10.5114/ait.2021.109920</unstructured_citation>
                                                            </citation>
                                                    <citation key="ref25">
                                                                    <unstructured_citation>Koenig, H. G., &amp; Carey, L. B. (2024). Religion, Spirituality, and Health Research: Warning of Contaminated Scales. Journal of Religion and Health, 63(5), 3729–3743.  https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-024-02112-6</unstructured_citation>
                                                            </citation>
                                                    <citation key="ref26">
                                                                    <unstructured_citation>Ma, M., Yang, R., Gu, J., Ke, S., Du, X., &amp; Zheng, J. (2024). Factors associated with blood donation among college and university students in Wuhan, China: structural equation model. BMC Public Health, 24(1), 1847. 
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-024-19384-y</unstructured_citation>
                                                            </citation>
                                                    <citation key="ref27">
                                                                    <unstructured_citation>McGinnis, C. (2022). Religious and Spiritual Implications in Functional Anger. Journal of Pastoral Care &amp; Counseling: Advancing Theory and Professional Practice through Scholarly and Reflective Publications, 76(4), 270–280. https://doi.org/10.1177/15423050221117765</unstructured_citation>
                                                            </citation>
                                                    <citation key="ref28">
                                                                    <unstructured_citation>Mohammed, A. S., Yassin, A., &amp; Aliyi, A. A. (2022). Voluntary blood donation practice and its associated factors among civil servants in Bale Robe town, Southeast Ethiopia, 2021. SAGE Open Medicine, 10. https://doi.org/10.1177/20503121221102099</unstructured_citation>
                                                            </citation>
                                                    <citation key="ref29">
                                                                    <unstructured_citation>Nyambiya, T. E., Muromo, T., &amp; Muchena, K. (2020). ‘My blood is now old and exhausted’: A Qualitative Study of Adults’ Behavioural Beliefs About Donating Blood in Harare, Zimbabwe. Africa Sanguine, 22(1), 14–22. 
https://doi.org/10.4314/asan.v22i1.3</unstructured_citation>
                                                            </citation>
                                                    <citation key="ref30">
                                                                    <unstructured_citation>Ogundeji, S. P., Ajayi, O. D., Busari, O. E., Ogundeji, O. A., Adepoju, O. A., &amp; Esan, F. G. (2021). Knowledge, attitude, and perception towards voluntary blood donation among university students in Nigeria. ISBT Science Series, 16(1), 85–91. https://doi.org/10.1111/voxs.12614</unstructured_citation>
                                                            </citation>
                                                    <citation key="ref31">
                                                                    <unstructured_citation>Pargament, K. I. (1997). The psychology of religion and coping: Theory, research, &amp; practice. Guilford Press. 
ISBN: 1-57230-214-3</unstructured_citation>
                                                            </citation>
                                                    <citation key="ref32">
                                                                    <unstructured_citation>Ramondt, S., Kerkhof, P., &amp; Merz, E.-M. (2022). Blood Donation Narratives on Social Media: A Topic Modeling Study. Transfusion Medicine Reviews, 36(1), 58–65.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmrv.2021.10.001</unstructured_citation>
                                                            </citation>
                                                    <citation key="ref33">
                                                                    <unstructured_citation>Razmetaeva, Y. S. (2023). Digital Platforms and Their Normative Role: Looking Through the Lens of European Fundamental Values1. Law and Society, 4, 38–44.  https://doi.org/10.32842/2078-3736/2023.4.7</unstructured_citation>
                                                            </citation>
                                                    <citation key="ref34">
                                                                    <unstructured_citation>Shivamurthy, V., Chandrasekhar, T., Ghatapanadi, S., LalyaNaik, P., Samyuktha, K., &amp; Girish, N. (2024). Pre-donation Hydration and Muscle Tensing Exercises to Reduce Donor Adverse Reactions due to Blood Donation. Asian Journal of Medical Research &amp; Health Sciences (A-JMRHS), 2(1), 17. 
https://doi.org/10.5455/AJMRHS.1107202300021</unstructured_citation>
                                                            </citation>
                                                    <citation key="ref35">
                                                                    <unstructured_citation>Thorpe, R., Masser, B., Coundouris, S. P., Hyde, M. K., Kruse, S. P., &amp; Davison, T. E. (2024). The health impacts of blood donation: a systematic review of donor and non-donor perceptions. Blood Transfusion = Trasfusione Del Sangue, 22(1), 7–19. https://doi.org/10.2450/BloodTransfus.494</unstructured_citation>
                                                            </citation>
                                                    <citation key="ref36">
                                                                    <unstructured_citation>Umair, S., Ho, J.-A., Ng, S. S. I., &amp; Basha, N. K. (2023). Moderating Role of Religiosity and the Determinants to Attitude, Willingness to Donate, and Willingness to Communicate Posthumous Organ Donation Decisions among University Students in Pakistan. OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying, 88(1), 216–244. https://doi.org/10.1177/00302228211045170</unstructured_citation>
                                                            </citation>
                                                    <citation key="ref37">
                                                                    <unstructured_citation>Yegen, C., Çeçen, A. F., &amp; İnce, V. (2025). Liver Transplant News and Biases: A Ten-Year Review of Turkish Media. Cyprus Turkish Journal of Psychiatry &amp; Psychology, 7(2), 194–201. https://doi.org/10.35365/ctjpp.25.2.10</unstructured_citation>
                                                            </citation>
                                            </citation_list>
                            </journal_article>
        </journal>
        </body>
</doi_batch>
